Estate: One of the three classes into which French was divided before the revolution. The three estates are the clergy, the nobles, and the townspeople.
Relics of feudalism: Obligations of peasants to noble landlords that survived into the modern era.
Bourgeoisie: The middle class, including merchants, industrialists, and professional people.
Sans-culottes: Members of the Paris Commune who considered themselves ordinary patriots.
People:
Louis XVI: He was King of France and Navarre from 1774 until 1791 after which he was subsequently King of the French from 1791 to 1792, before his deposition and execution during the French Revolution.
Olympe de Gouges: She was a French playwright and political activist whose feminist and abolitionist writings reached a large audience.
SECTION 2: RADICAL REVOLUTION AND REACTION
Vocabulary:
Faction: A dissenting group.
Elector: A person qualified to vote in an election.
Coup d'état: A sudden overthrow of the government.
People:
Georges Danton: He was a leading figure in the early stages of the French Revolution and the first President of the Committee of Public Safety.
Jean-Paul Marat: He was a physician, political theorist and scientist best known for his career in France as a radical journalist and politician during the French Revolution.
Jacobins: Is someone who supports a centralized Republic, with power made at the national level in contemporary usage.
Maximilien Robespierre: He was a French lawyer and politician, and one of the best-known and most influential figures of the French Revolution.
SECTION 3: THE AGE OF NAPOLEON:
Vocabulary:
Consulate: A government established in France after the overthrow of the Directory.
Nationalism: The different cultural identity of a people based on common languages, religion, and national symbols.
People:
Napoleon Bonaparte: He was a French military and political leader who rose to prominence during the later stages of the French Revolution and its associated wars in Europe.
Anne-Louise-Germaine de Stael: She was a French woman of Swiss origin whose lifetime overlapped with the events of the French Revolution and the Napoleonic era.
Duke of Wellington: He was a British soldier and statesman, and one of the leading military and political figures of the 19th century.
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